个人化能源也是一个“专业余”趋势，可以多研究，从花园、阳台和后院能够产生的能源，都值得亲手去尝试一下。

MIT的Daniel G. Nocera 的文章“Chemistry of Personalized Solar Energy”给我很多启发，我想值得推荐到Wordchanging.com 上去。如果说尝试有机生活，也有必要知其就里。

women

个人能源的时代

Personalized energy (PE) is a transformative idea that provides a new modality for the planet’s energy future. By providing solar energy to the individual, an energy supply becomes secure and available to people of both legacy and nonlegacy worlds and minimally contributes to an increase in the anthropogenic level of carbon dioxide. Because PE will be possible only if solar energy is available 24 h a day, 7 days a week, the key enabler for solar PE is an inexpensive storage mechanism. HY (Y = halide or OH⁻) splitting is a fuel-forming reaction of sufficient energy density for large-scale solar storage, but the reaction relies on chemical transformations that are not understood at the most basic science level. Critical among these are multielectron transfers that are proton-coupled and involve the activation of bonds in energy-poor substrates. The chemistry of these three italicized areas is developed, and from this platform, discovery paths leading to new hydrohalic acid- and water-splitting catalysts are delineated. The latter water-splitting catalyst captures many of the functional elements of photosynthesis. In doing so, a highly manufacturable and inexpensive method for solar PE storage has been discovered.

昨天从推特上才知道自己的网站再次被封：

@Ratoo说: 很有意思, @isaac 的 Blog IP被墙是在省级骨干网, 同时RST的速度也暴快, 好像好久没看到这样的封锁了。

@dupola 也说: 才发现 @isaac 的blog被墙了

@virushuo 说： isaac当年可是第一个被墙的个人blog吧。没想到老革命碰上了老问题啊…

这可确实是个好久没碰到的新问题，自从2005年7月因为分析防火长城的文章导致了网站被拔线（当时托管在上海多来米），然后流浪海外四年多，终于又一次梦游撞回垬的高墙，真神奇。其实原因不要深究，只要你物理真身在天朝一日，到处都是铜墙铁壁，如何能不碰呢。躲猫猫都能撞墙死，最终会把每个人绕进去。所以此网站虽然不小心翼翼，但也和防火长城（不说GFW，因为贵过一批爱国愤青说那是洋屁，最好连ABCD都不要说）周旋许久，好玩到家了。

继续感慨，四年多了，才想起再次屏蔽我的小站，这台国家机器真落后。 在网志洪流中，已经乐见无数新生猛博出现，如今再次照顾到本站，我倒要喝喝茶想想如何应对了。其实呆在墙外太舒服的，写啥都无所谓，几乎如同自由国度。只是冯正虎激励了我，就是要回来，你挡住了我，挡不住鼠标坦克啊。

http://media.stu.edu.cn/asiablogfest09/?p=9

对于博客，毛向辉有一个独特的观点：无论你是否使用博客，你都在“博”。

“每个人都在分享。当你在分享时，实际上就是在博。”他认为，即使是在没有网络的古代，人们早已经“博”了——因为人们在不断地分享。当人们把故事告诉别人，在别人的脑海里成为记忆，这形成了分享的过程，而这个过程，正是博客的过程。

毛向辉倡导“多背一公斤”活动，即在出行时多背一公斤的物资，带给乡村的孩子们。这是一种分享，也是他博的方式之一。

作为中国最早使用博客的人之一，毛向辉认为博客的定义非常广，而并不仅限于一般概念上的博客——在互联网上写博客。博客就相当于分享。所以，博客的方式数之不尽，只要是在分享，就是在博。而现在无所不及的网络，则是博的一个更好的方式。

通过网络记录一下的一切，在两天之内是新闻，在短时间内是档案，而在数年之后就变成历史。“网络使我们可以在未来定义自己。”他举例，在今天某某写了一句话，也许没有很多人关注，但有可能在几年后变成了重要的语句，这时，他可以翻查到这句话是自己在具体某一天说的。

毛向辉在05年组织起“中文网志年会”，每年年末举办一次会议，让全国各地的博客聚集在一起，讨论关于博客、互联网的发展及其对社会的影响。今年的年会在11月7号、8号举行，以“微动力，广天地”为口号，强调再微小的力量，也可能为社会带来积极的变化。

“微动力，广天地”体现的思想，与毛向辉的“Cloud Intelligence”理论一脉相承。

在网络时代，人们有更多的机会随时随地分享。当人们在不断分享自己、分享自己认同的别人的观点时，慢慢地形成了一种现象，毛向辉称之为“Cloud Intelligence”。

一个人分享了一个观点，其他人看到之后又分享了这个观点，更多人看到之后继续分享给其他人。通过这样不断地分享，就可以实现一群人做决定。这跟水滴聚集形成云的过程相似——毛向辉把个体比作水滴，而当个体因为认同某个观点而不断分享时，他们就聚集起来，形成一股力量，一股甚至可以改变国家政策、社会秩序的力量。

今年6月，厦门网友郭宝锋因传播严晓玲案被福州警方扣留，网友发动一人一张明信片的行动，给狱中的郭宝锋寄明信片，写着：“妈妈喊你回家吃饭。”从全国各地蜂拥而至的明信片，最后真的促进了郭的释放。

小小的明信片能把人从看守所解救出来，体现了“微动力”所创造的“天地”，这就是“Cloud Intelligence”的力量。

毛向辉不仅是个中文博客推广者，还是一个风险投资家，目前在哈佛大学担任访问学者。他为参加这次的亚洲博客大会从美国飞来香港，停留一天后又赶往广东连州，参加第五届中文网志年会。

奥巴马会不会在中午的演讲和问答中提到冯正虎呢？ 我们看着：

听着：

link: http://blog.whoiswho.de/stories/42819/

by Ulrike Reinhard

The entire interview will be printed in the book: Reboot_D Digitale Demokratie (pub. end of Nov. 2009)

Introduction
The growing use of the web log reveals a radical socio-cultural transition and a progressing public sphere in China. In particular, bloggers actively exchange interests, comments and values and have formed a characteristically Chinese blogging culture. The feature of individualism shows that bloggers who insist on freedom of expression and pursue personal ideas can always find a place in the blogosphere. Isaac Mao, one of the first bloggers in China and one among many others today, demonstrate that individual opinions across the blogosphere have significantly reflected public consensus and implicitly changed political culture. However, the pursuit of freedom of expression in the blogosphere has to struggle with a strong political censorship, negotiate an unstable living space and thus, can only enjoy a limited success. Therefore, critical communication and democratic participation in China still have a long way to go.

Interview

Reboot_D: When we in the western hemisphere think about Chinese politics and the Internet, censorship is the first thing that comes to mind. Is the Chinese government using the Internet for its own purposes, and if so how are they using it?

Isaac Mao: Censorship is the first characteristic applicable to the Internet in China, but censorship also operates in different ways across the whole of society. I would say “Freedom” and “Censorship” are the two main forces shaping the Internet in China. Or, to put it in a modern Chinese context, “Caonima v. Hexie” (Grass Mud Horse v. River Crab). I think that China is now passing through the strangest phase in its history, because both the authorities and the grassroots believe in the importance of the new platform but each hold totally different views about what that importance means and differ so widely without any transparent dialog between them taking place. I would argue that the Chinese government always held a passive position, even though investment in censorship has reached an unprecedented level as with the ridiculous fund to support Green Dam software then invalidate it in the short term.

Reboot_D: Do you see any chances of starting a dialogue?

Isaac Mao: I’m very optimistic that new emerging social norms within the grassroots will foster dialogue. However, it’s very hard to foster a conversation of equals between the authorities and the people. The symbolic confrontation between “Grass Mud Horse” and “River Crab” is just the result of arrogance on the part of the ruling party. The problem springs from two key reasons: firstly, the ruling party is paranoid and uses power to emphasize its legitimacy; secondly, every abuse of its power shows that it’s weak on legitimacy. Unfortunately, these two reasons are interlocked. After the earlier unrest, the government is now starting to panic about everything, and especially about any sign of “dissident” voices. They are increasingly shutting down local sites and blocking overseas web sites with filters on particular keywords. I see many peaceful users becoming outraged about this. People are losing patience waiting for change from inside the ruling party. I never wanted to see such a divide, but sadly it has now become a fact of life.

Reboot_D: Isaac, you are known as the first Chinese blogger. What made you start?

Isaac Mao: I’m one of the earliest bloggers in China but I believe there were a number of us back in early 2002. However, it’s very hard to identify them now. With my years of business management and research on learning technologies, I realized that a simple tool to share knowledge could be the best way for individuals to learn in a more complex world. This belief then developed into “Sharism”, which over the past seven years has proved itself to be the driving force behind the boom in user generated content. I myself, of course, am not only a theorist on sharing, but also a practitioner on the inside and on the front line at all times.

Reboot_D: One widely held view is that nowhere else in the world has the impact of the Internet been as great as it has in China. Do you agree?

Isaac Mao: I do agree but with certain reservations. China is climbing from the bottom of communism up to a mixture of capitalism and socialism, so every- thing seems to be in the throes of dramatic big change. The Internet itself has become a huge gold mine enriching a huge population. Luckily, the Chinese adopted the Internet before the ruling party realized its enormous potential to promote democracy. In a highly regulated media space, Chinese people embraced the Internet as the only channel they had to express themselves. Yet it’s still a long way from bridging the wide gap between China and modern society. The story continues. The authorities have learnt some new strategies to guide and contain Internet voices. However, the huge flood of content will eventually disrupt those dams.

Reboot_D: Does the Internet really help build a civil society in China? What is the role of social media in China? (Movements like Caonima, the “citizen journalists” revealing scandals which have real consequences for politicians, the riots in Xinjiang etc)

Isaac Mao: As yet it’s too early to say that civil society has formed in China. It’s really emerging from the bottom up spontaneously rather than in an organized way. Some movements, including those like “Human Flesh Search” on corruption, don’t reflect real collaboration and dialogue in the whole of society. Most Internet users are still “read-only” users who focus on no more than five web sites. With tougher control over Internet business and Internet cafes by the authorities, most of these so-called “300M Internet” users still don’t know what they don’t know. This definitely slows down collaboration at grassroots level, not to mention civil society and democracy.

Reboot_D: Is there something like an Internet with “Chinese characteristics”?

Isaac Mao: I believe there are a lot of common features between the Internet in China and the Internet everywhere else in the world. The “C2C”(Copy to China) model is also generic everywhere, though it seems more successful in terms of the big user base. The very unique and unfortunate characteristic of the Internet in China is the twisted and divided agenda between government and society, as I just mentioned. So if you do Internet business in China, you have to learn a lot of “hidden rules” like those prevailing in traditional Chinese communities. This means you can do everything online in China, as long as the authorities don’t interpret it as illegal, but even this can change totally over night. The most recent case is the big propaganda campaign directed by the government to stop Google serving pornographic content to users. Almost all the propaganda machines including the People’s Daily, CCTV, Global Times, and the Xin Hua News Agency participated in this game and left their mark. I knew that Google had previously made huge efforts to nurture its relation-ship with the government, and that they had a whole posse of lawyers working on adapting local laws. But whenever there’s a political requirement, the government will sacrifice any business interest. I clearly predicted this possibility in the open letter I sent to the founders of Google in early spring 2007.

Reboot_D: What role does the language (barrier) play in developing the Internet?

Isaac Mao: Yes, language is still one of the biggest barriers preventing Chinese people from adopting general values around the world. It’s also one of the main reasons why most people in China are not terribly interested in getting round the controls to view overseas content. This is also the reason why most web sites without a Chinese edition are not blocked in China. The success of some copycat businesses, like Baidu.com, was built on such a loophole. That’s why I cherish projects like Yeeyan.com very much. Some bilingual bridge bloggers are also valuable channels for the future development of China, like ESWN (EastSouthWestNorth) and Global Voices. I can see the long-term change that’s taking place translating the western world to Chinese, yet I’d like to see more sentiment sharing than just content bridges.

Reboot_D: Can you explain the impact of the Great Firewall of China?

Isaac Mao: In my recent study of the Great Firewall, I found that it’s historically harmful to human beings. It’s not just like previous concrete walls like the Berlin Wall. I would rather call it “The Mirror” – because it functions both to block your vision and distort your point of view. Blockage of information has given most Chinese people various misconceptions about the world, and how the world views China. It also eclipsed the innovations with which young people in China could compete with the world. At the same time, it also prevents the government and ruling party from making progress. This is blatantly obvious 20 years after Tiananmen. From an historical viewpoint, the censorship of knowledge and violations of people’s right to learn will be seen as a crime against humanity. And I’m sure that justice will be sought someday.

Reboot_D: It seems as if the government has been over-reacting over the last few weeks, blocking major international sites like Google, and now apparently Amazon etc.? Why? What do they fear? Have they any reason to fear? It would be interesting to know how these measures are seen by the average Chinese.

Isaac Mao: As their predecessors did, the current government takes the whole of the universe as their permanent target. This is no joke. They even ordered Xin Hua News to homogenize all its news reporting about the total eclipse of the sun. You see, the party believes that people will take astronomical phenomena as a chance to glean political hints. What they fear is anyone talking about the regime in a way they haven’t defined. You can talk about “democracy” in this country, but only in specific places, at specific times, and to specific people. Once they found the Internet was playing to a totally different set of rules to their own, they started to redefine the rules.

Reboot_D: Can you explain the 五毛党 Fifty Cent Party?

Isaac Mao: Wu Mao Dang (50 cents) is part of the censorship system but was introduced to take a different approach to simple blocking. Misusing the surplus profit created by the taxes paid by Chinese people, the government is hiring increasing numbers of low-cost personnel to create noise online or skew public opinion by posting articles favorable to the government. Such guided voices inundate major web sites, BBS, and the blogosphere to distract people’s attention or annoy authors or their audience. The name Wu Mao Dang came from some leaked government documents, but now such operatives are publicly recruited as official “web commentators”. They are paid not to express their own views but rather to post views in support of the government.

Reboot_D: What about the information divide between China and the West? Is this still a valid view? What is the role of projects like Yeeyan, EcoCN, TED-china which are making “Western” (American, English) content available to the Chinese public? Doesn’t this create another divide? Very biased American information? I’m asking this question of course as a European!

Isaac Mao: I would rather emphasize the divide within China itself right now. In practical terms, the divide between pursuing freedom and maintaining the status quo grows ever larger.

Reboot_D: How does the average Chinese use the Net? Not the intellectual or Internet savvy person, just the average guy. Are they buying stuff – like videos or games?

Isaac Mao: One ironic result of a recent survey of the Internet finds that the most popular activities in China are “Entertainment, Chatting and News”. Some people joked that “News” should be removed because there is no real news at all in this country. Instead, all we have is “Olds” and “Fakes”. I would say entertainment is a really powerful engine for business. If you visit an Internet cafe anywhere in China, you will understand what all those 300M Internet users are doing. You may be very surprised that many of them do not even have an email box but play online game for hours on end each day.

Reboot_D: What trends do you see for the Internet in China – on a practical level and a political/cultural one?

Isaac Mao: I’m still optimistic about the disruption of the censorship system before the year 2014 as my own predictions make out. The Great Firewall or The Mirror as I prefer to call it is now reaching its maximum point of effectiveness. Take the recent comic finding from the testing of Green Dam – all that effort that went into trying to leverage desktops to censor people. A famous patriotic song with lyrics “I love Beijing Tiananmen” was totally eradicated by the censorship system. In its published form it became “I love SENSITIVE WORD SENSITIVE WORD”. More and more paranoia and regulation is being built into the censorship system. But the sheer power of the whole information space will take its revenge. Anyway, this is just a – philosophically correct – hope. The real changes should be made by people themselves by sharing information at all times.

Reboot_D: Is Information Warfare still a political concept? (The term was coined by a Chinese researcher; Shen Weiguang 沈)

Isaac Mao: I don’t know about such things as yet. But as an observer of the Chinese government who knows about their information security from the Green Dam case, I don’t think they are in any position to protect their own information system.

Reboot_D: And finally a rather specialized question – how is the relation between the real world and virtual environments from a legal point of view? Can you be sued for things you do in a virtual world? I have been told that this is possible!

Isaac Mao: The Internet seems to pose great challenges to traditional philosophy in terms of epistemology and ontology. But I would argue there are no changes to humanity. It’s all about the information inside and outside our brain. But it really does pose a challenge to the legal system in society when more information becomes public that affect not only yourself but also the others around you. I believe it will take time for human beings to form new social norms to adapt to these new challenges, and especially to gain the level of literacy needed to distinguish vacuous from real information. As more and more people realize that the IP address is not the real link between the real world and the virtual world, a new social identity based on social networking will become critical. Laws will change accordingly, though maybe not so soon. Respect of anonymity as a natural right will come into being. The fact is you cannot tell who really owns a piece of information since one type of behavior (like sharing a movie) can be owned by thousands of people together. China still has a long way to go and the best way forward is to retain anonymity for as long as you can.